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views: 2762 | comments: 3 free party, is typically an all-night dance event where DJs and other performers play electronic dance music and rave music. The slang expression rave was originally used by people of Caribbean descent in London during the 1960s to describe a party. In the late 1980s, the term began to be used to describe the subculture that grew out of the acid house movement that began in Chicago and flourished in the United Kingdom club scene. The availability of drugs —particularly ecstasy — and/or alcoholic beverages have caused them to be targeted and criticized by law enforcement officials and parents' groups. 1 History 1.1 1980s 1.2 1990s: United Kingdom 1.3 1990s: Europe 1.4 2000s Big Toe 2 Rave culture in the USA 2.1 Types of ravers 2.2 Glowsticking 2.3 Drug use 3 Notable raves (rave series) 3.1 Europe 3.2 United States 3.3 Canada 3. 4 Other 4 See also 5 External links 6 Regional links Mainstream raves began in the late 1980s as a product of, reaction to, and rebellion against, trends in popular music, nightclub culture, and commercial radio. In an effort to maintain distance and secrecy from the mainstream club scene (or perhaps for lack of affordable, receptive venues), warehouses, rental halls, and outside locations most often served as raves' venues. In an effort to control and curtail rave parties, some police and governmental bodies effectively outlawed raves in some areas. Such laws consequently forced regional electronic dance music events to move to formal venues, such as nightclubs and amphitheatres. Some venues and jurisdictions additionally prohibited certain types of rave fashion and paraphernalia. Early raves were completely do it yourself; only a small number of people contributed to event production and promotion. Self-styled production and promotion companies have increasingly organized raves; the "companies" were usually unofficial or loosely defined. Some of the more well-known rave promotion companies have included Brotherhood of Boom, Mushgroove, Freebass Society, and Pure. The companies promote their events by creating and distributing fliers and online bulletins. As law enforcement agencies increasingly began paying attention to raves, concealing a party's location became important to an event's success. To that end, event organizers sometimes either promoted events solely by word-of-mouth, or would only reveal the date and location of the event to subscribers of an electronic mailing list or via voicemail. Some even went so far as to provide a series of clues or map checkpoints that ultimately led to the location of the rave. What could arguably be called raves existed in the early 1980s in the Ecstasy-fueled club scene in clubs like NRG, and in the drug-free, all-ages scene in Detroit at venues like The Music Institute. However, it was not until the mid to late 1980s that a wave of psychedelic and other electronic dance music, most notably acid house and techno, emerged and caught on in the clubs, warehouses and free-parties of London and Manchester.

When he could no longer perform and win prize money, the original owners gave him to a Mexican family. The family returned to Mexico leaving Mr. Biggs behind to starve. Neighbors noticed the abandonned horse and began feeding him. They realized he was 'lame' and contacted Creative Horse Connections, who called S.T.A.R. (Save the Animals Rescue). Karen Owens of S.T.A.R. reports, "A farrier was called at 9 PM that night for emergency help.  The farrier pointed out the spots behind his front feet above the hooves where the 'soring' occured so Mr. Biggs would raise his feet to his chin...racking. His feet were so sore he could not stand still. He stands in odd positions trying to find comfort to rest. His right shoulder buckles sometimes causing him to stumble. His left shoulder muscle was sore to the touch...back left stifle shot, too late for surgery. He has small bumps above his hooves, indicating chains and/or weights or both. His body is basically destroyed by living on 'pads' on his front feet, throwing off his weight distribution, causing muscles to work unnaturally. Phenylbutazone helped ease his immedate pain, but he cannot remain on it for long term. He is now on another medication to see if we can keep him comfortable." S.T.A.R. will seek a loving new home for life for Mr. Biggs once they have his pain under control. Karen says, "He can never be ridden again. He will be adopted only to someone with a flat pasture, shelter and other horses. He deserves loving hands to continue his life long care. How he can walk so peacefully among us 'humans' and trust us at S.T.A.R. is humbling, and a true lesson in forgiveness." What can we do to put a stop to these torturous practices? I sought advice from Juana Grover of STARS (Sound Trail and Rail Society). Juana, tell us a little bit about the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. Experienced horseman sometimes state that Upper Back Supports the Walking Horse is the most loving, accepting and willing of all horses. They enjoy working with people of all ages. They are always willing to learn something new, and once taught, rarely forget. With their fantastic temperament and smooth, ground covering gaits, they are the perfect companion and pleasure horse for riders of all ages. Why do people use cruel training methods to force them to exaggerate their natural gaits? I cannot answer this without using a little history of the breed. The walking horse was in its heyday in the 40's when they were generally called Plantation Horses. They worked on the plantations and farms during the week, pulling plows and wagons. Their gait was so smooth and straight, the plantation owner could ride them up and down the planted furrows checking his crops.

It is easy to take our sight for granted, but the pressures our eyes are under every day can cause a rapid decrease in vision quality over time. Common aspects of modern living include a reliance on computer screens and bright lights and these have been known to increase the chances of vision impairment over time. There are procedures that can treat eye conditions extremely effectively, amongst them a procedure known as total vision correction.
This procedure is, in essence, a perfected form of clear lens extraction which involves the replacement of the lens of the eye with a prescription lens. This is known to be very effective as a solution to many conditions, although the typical cataract operation procedure that involves lasers also enjoys a high surgical success rate. Both of these surgeries can change the lives of those who have eye problems for the better.
It is unfortunate that as we get older our quality of vision can reduce, sometimes quite dramatically. This can begin to happen as soon as 30, but by the time many people reach 40 they are already noticing problems with their eyesight. This is because the lens in our eyes tends to stiffen as we age, and the reduction in flexibility has a direct effect on the ability of our eyes to focus.
There are a wide variety of eye conditions that can develop over time, such as presbyopia and myopia. Presbyopia is caused by a reduction in accommodation by the lens rather than a genetic flaw in the eye itself, as is the case with hyperopia, another form of long-sightedness. However, myopia, or shortsightedness, can develop over time and, like presbyopia, can be treated by either laser or refractive eye surgery.
Cataracts are also a common condition hallux valgus symptoms with aging eyes. Though it is almost impossible to see one on the eyes, the symptoms are clear, with cloudy vision, spots before the eyes, oversensitivity to light, and a lack of sharpness between contrasting colours. These conditions can also indicate the existence of myopia.
Another common condition is glaucoma, which is caused by pressure inside the eye and eventually leads to complete blindness if it is not treated. Again, one of the most effective treatments is laser eye surgery, which is applicable to most cases and enjoys a high success rate.
Each of these conditions can seriously inhibit the lives of the individual sufferers, causing not just a reduction in quality of sight but considerable anxiety over the chances of blindness. The availability of a range of treatments means that the future of people who have an eye condition can be much better, and patients that have braved the surgical procedure can enjoy a variety of improvements to their life.

With the return of near perfect vision, one of the improvements is a renewed confidence in life. This has an effect on almost every aspect of life, not just professionally or in recreation, but also in personal relationships with loved ones. With sight returned, a renewed desire to travel, the enjoyment of experiencing things that could not be seen before and a freedom of senses allows for a far more active, positive and enjoyable lifestyle.
Simple activities that were taken for granted, but sorely missed, can become possible again. For example, depending on the severity of a cataract on the eye, sufferers are unable to drive at night. This is because of the sensitivity that a sufferer will feel when coming to traffic lights, or dealing with the headlights of oncoming traffic. This can then prevent an individual from driving or travelling at night time, and effectively reduce their mobility.
Other former activities become possible again too, such as sports and art. Golfers find that they can focus on the ball at the feet more comfortably, while painters can focus better on their subject, particularly in landscapes where details at a distance can be seen again. Crafts such as needlework and knitting, both of which require high levels of visual concentration at close proximity, can also be enjoyed again.
In essence, any activity that depends on sight, which the sufferer has had difficulty with in the past, can be enjoyed again. This is all thanks to surgical procedures such as which replaces the failing natural lens with a new synthetic lens. The procedure can also be referred to with tens of thousands of successful procedures seeing an equal number of pleased patients of a variety of ages.

These permanent lens implants, which are inserted during a or other refractive surgery, ensure that the quality of sight returns to that of the original quality, effectively making the eyes of the patient younger and preventing the need for glasses or contact lenses.